Woldeab Woldemariam also spelled as Weldeab Weldemariam (April 27, 1905 - May 15, 1995) was one of the original proponents of the Eritrean Independence movement and is considered the father of Eritrea. He worked closely with Ibrahim Sultan Ali before the Federation with Ethiopia to secure Eritrean Independence.
Also known as the father of Eritrea,[1] Woldeab Woldemariam was a Swedish Mission Protestant. He was born in the village of Adi Zarna in Eritrea.
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In 1931 he was assigned by his then employer, the Swedish Evangelical Mission (SEM) school, to teach in a village called Suzana. This was his first exposure to the Kunama people. He was a teacher in this school through 1935 until he was moved to Asmara.
In Asmara he was promoted to direct the entire SEM school system, which he continued to do until 1942. During this time he popularized the use of Tigrinya and published two textbooks which would remain standard texts for over twenty years.
In 1942 he left the SEM and at the behest of the British Military Administration, became an editor for the Tigrinya language newspaper. After a trip to Addis Ababa, he became a chief opponent of unification with Ethiopia. Chief among his fears of uniting Eritrea with Ethiopia was the corruption and poverty that he saw when he visited Addis Ababa.[2] In 1946 he brought together Christian and Muslim nationalists to advocate for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia.
Between 1947 and 1953 he was subjected to seven assassination attempts.[2] After the federation with Ethiopia by the United Nations he continued to advocate Eritrean independence by creating mass organizations, particularly with the help of labor organizations.
In 1953 another attempt was made on his life, suffering injuries which left him hospitalized for five months.[2] While in the hospital he was elected to the National Assembly, however, his election was annulled by Tedla Bairu. After the annulment of the election he was forced to seek asylum in Egypt.
During the Eritrean War of Independence, he was not able to affect authority over political or military forces in Eritrea. It was not until 1987 and the Unity Congress of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front that he reentered Eritrea. He was finally reunited with his family in Asmara at the close of the Eritrean war of Independence.